A similar number of days to clean the time series has been utilized in different studies using HFA . First, we include the number of confirmed cases as a fraction of the population , for the rationale that severity of the health crisis was discovered to influence differences in the extent of economic output losses throughout nations . Second, we embrace the reduction in demand in trade-dependent international locations as a management variable , as demand reductions, particularly when exporting nations usually are not yet imposing lockdowns, could lower domestic export .
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